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The Neanderthals: Tracking Our Ancestors
DW (2021)
Film Review
Neanderthals were an important human species that covered Eurasia for 300,000 years and disappeared. Like modern humans, they had a culture and social systems and mastered their environment. When their skeletal remains were first discovered in the 19th century, they were mistakenly believed to be non-human ape-like creatures.
They were extremely ingenious in adopting to an Ice Age environment, where temperatures plummeted to -20 degrees Celsius. Paleontologists believe their faces were specially adopted to withstand the cold, with a large nasal cavity that served to warm and humidify air around them. They also had large lungs and a barrel chest that facilitated burning energy to stay warm.
They were highly skilled tool makers, fashioning tools from flint and antlers. They hunted large mammals in coordinated groups, which they used for food and clothing.
Some of the best Neanderthal remains are found on the island of Jersey, which was connected to the European mainland between from 240,000-40,000 BC. They navigated inland via streams, and caught some of the more dangerous animals (eg the woolly rhinoceros) on the soft mud adjoining stream. These animals were too dangerous to hunt on hard ground.
Recently discovered remains reveal European Neanderthals were nomadic, living in bands of 20-30 individuals and repeatedly revisiting specific sites for planned hunting and butchering activities. It’s estimated that there were only 10 to 40 thousand in all of Europe when Homo Sapiens arrived.
Neanderthal artifacts from 80,000 years ago have been found in the Mondran caves in France and the Sedron caves in Spain. These artifacts suggest different Neanderthal bands gathered together in specific locations once a year to engage in specific activities, which included finding mates.
Their vocal apparatus was similar to that of modern humans, and it’s assumed organizing their complex activities required some rudimentary language.
Evidence of artistic activity has been found in striking arrangements of animal bones in the Brunelow cave in France, and discrete circles built from stalagmites. A Neanderthal hastag has been found on a rock in Gibraltar. There’s no evidence they made jewelray or beads.
50,000 years ago, Homo sapiens arrived in Europe for the first time. The first wave was a scouting party with advanced flint tools, and they seemed to vanish after ten years.
Around 42,000 years ago a second wave of Homo sapiens migrated to Europe via the Rhone Valley. There’s evidence that Neanderthals and Homo sapiens co-existed and interbred over 2000 years. Many modern humans carry Neanderthal DNA.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Katz Castle (German: Burg Katz) is a castle above the German town of Sankt Goarshausen in Rhineland-Palatinate. The castle stands on a ledge looking downstream from the riverside at Sankt Goar. It was first built around 1371 by Count William II of Katzenelnbogen. The castle was bombarded in 1806 by Napoleon and rebuilt in the late 19th century, in 1896–98. It is now privately owned, and not open for visitors.
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After the original castle “Burg Katzenelnbogen” (lit. Castle [of] Cat’s Elbow) this medieval fortress castle is officially known as Burg Neukatzenelnbogen (Castle [of] New Cat’s Elbow). It used to be and still is, however, comfortably and commonly contracted to “die [Burg] Katz” (“the [Castle] Cat”).
As such, it is popularly linked with Burg Maus (“the [Castle] Mouse”), which was indeed erected in closest possible vicinity as its military counterpart.
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The castle is of compact layout, consisting mainly of a great hall and a massive bergfried, originally 40 metres tall, on the uphill side.
In 1435, the Counts of Katzenelnbogen were the first to plant Riesling grapes in their vineyard.[1]
Katz Castle and its surroundings are the place of action for the Belgian comic book L’Orgue du Diable in the Yoko Tsuno series by Roger Leloup.
Sorry, the reblog did not work But here is a link:
How come more then six months have passed already since Les died? So much has happened during this time. Still, it feels like the months did pass very quickly. There is really not much I can do within one day. When a day has gone, I have not been able to do much at all. It is as though a day has only 16 hours instead of 24. And this includes about ten hours sleeping. I may overall have 14 hours when I can be awake. But during these 14 hours at the most I can do only as much as what normally people can do in less than 7 hours. So, I am always behind. Still, I try to do as much as possible.
I don’t know whether what I write here makes a lot of sense or not. In short, I have the feeling I am always running out of time. I have to get used to it to do everything slowly. This means I cannot do everything I would still like to do, unless I can get a lot of help.
How much help can I get? At this stage it is actually just 3 hours per week!! I am hopeful that perhaps I may soon get about 4 more hours per week. – – –
Of course my family helps out a bit whenever they have a bit of time for me.
This post was to be for the month of June. So, what happened this month so far? Today is only the 8th of June, It is the King’s Birthday weekend. This means tomorrow, Monday, is a public holiday. We had planned to drive up to the Southern Highlands today, that is my daughter Monika had planned to give me and her daughter Natasha a lift to the Highlands. I would have liked to stop at Mittagong to see my friend Gerard. The trip had to be cancelled because of sickness.
auntyuta Diary, Life in Australia, Old Age January 22, 2016 1 Minute
Today we had another look at Berkelouw’s Book Barn after we had not visited it for many years. It was a very good place to meet up again with G and H.
In one of Berkelouw’s pamphlets it says:
WE BUY BOOKS AND PRINTS IN LARGE LOTS OR SMALL
The Book Barn at Berrima is the first of its kind in Australia and responds to the demand of the reading public for inexpensive fine quality secondhand books . . . . ”
After not having visited the Book Barn for a number of years, we were astounded, how the facilities have improved. There is a huge restaurant area as well as a well established winery and a magnificent place for wine tasting!
I very much liked the pizza and the salad with flowers for lunch and later on a glass of wine at the cellar door.
The poplars that lead to the book barn look as healthy as ever!
bookbarn@berkelouw.com.au
On the way home we had a quick stop at Robertson Pie Shop.
And then we had to drive down MacQuarie Pass in dense fog and rain!
All the way home it rained steadily. Luckily the rain was not as heavy as it had been the day before. Last night we had some flooding in our home. When we arrived home today, there was still a bit of rain but thankfully no more flooding. Also after yesterday’s heat-wave with temperatures well over 35C, it is very much cooler today. Australia Day is coming up next Tuesday. Already today, Friday, a lot of traffic was building up for people going South to have a long holiday weekend.
A beautiful Day at BERKELOUW’s Book Barn, 22nd January 2016November 13, 2021In “Books”
Sunday in the Highlands in the midst of Winter!July 16, 2019In “Diary”
Essential ConversationsOctober 18, 2022In “Books”
Edit”A beautiful Day at BERKELOUW’s Book Barn, 22nd January 2016″
Auntie, Sister. Grandmother, Great-Grandmother, Mother and Wife of German Descent I’ve lived in Australia since 1959 together with my husband Peter. We have four children, eight grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. I started blogging because I wanted to publish some of my childhood memories. I am blogging now also some of my other memories. I like to publish some photos too as well as a little bit of a diary from the present time. Occasionally I publish a story with a bit of fiction in it. Peter, my husband, is publishing some of his stories under berlioz1935.wordpress.com View all posts by auntyuta
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auntyuta Diary, Life in Australia, Old Age January 22, 2016 1 Minute
Today we had another look at Berkelouw’s Book Barn after we had not visited it for many years. It was a very good place to meet up again with G and H.
In one of Berkelouw’s pamphlets it says:
WE BUY BOOKS AND PRINTS IN LARGE LOTS OR SMALL
The Book Barn at Berrima is the first of its kind in Australia and responds to the demand of the reading public for inexpensive fine quality secondhand books . . . . ”
After not having visited the Book Barn for a number of years, we were astounded, how the facilities have improved. There is a huge restaurant area as well as a well established winery and a magnificent place for wine tasting!
I very much liked the pizza and the salad with flowers for lunch and later on a glass of wine at the cellar door.
The poplars that lead to the book barn look as healthy as ever!
bookbarn@berkelouw.com.au
On the way home we had a quick stop at Robertson Pie Shop.
And then we had to drive down MacQuarie Pass in dense fog and rain!
All the way home it rained steadily. Luckily the rain was not as heavy as it had been the day before. Last night we had some flooding in our home. When we arrived home today, there was still a bit of rain but thankfully no more flooding. Also after yesterday’s heat-wave with temperatures well over 35C, it is very much cooler today. Australia Day is coming up next Tuesday. Already today, Friday, a lot of traffic was building up for people going South to have a long holiday weekend.
A beautiful Day at BERKELOUW’s Book Barn, 22nd January 2016November 13, 2021In “Books”
Sunday in the Highlands in the midst of Winter!July 16, 2019In “Diary”
Essential ConversationsOctober 18, 2022In “Books”
Edit”A beautiful Day at BERKELOUW’s Book Barn, 22nd January 2016″
Auntie, Sister. Grandmother, Great-Grandmother, Mother and Wife of German Descent I’ve lived in Australia since 1959 together with my husband Peter. We have four children, eight grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. I started blogging because I wanted to publish some of my childhood memories. I am blogging now also some of my other memories. I like to publish some photos too as well as a little bit of a diary from the present time. Occasionally I publish a story with a bit of fiction in it. Peter, my husband, is publishing some of his stories under berlioz1935.wordpress.com View all posts by auntyuta
Previous Post The 62 Richest People On Earth Now Hold As Much Wealth As The Poorest 3.5 Billion
Next PostEx-US Intelligence Chief on Islamic State’s Rise: ‘We Were Too Dumb’
Write a com
Here I am writing a quick post. How quick, I ask myself.
I do not know how long ago I published a post of mine.
I mentioned the passing of dear Les Szabo, didn’t I? Well, I can only say he is still dearly missed. For me a lot has changed since his passing. I still live at home but are in need of a lot of help. Since at this stage it is not possible for me to get a lot of help, I just try to exist with a minimum of help. Strangely enough so far this has not led to any major changes in my wellbeing. However, I must say daily communication with one special person probably has helped to keep me alive.